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Abstract
Hip joint disorders are common in pediatric population and patients usually present with nonspecific symptoms such as hip pain and/or limp, which are frequent reasons for consultation and have a wide range of causes, ranging from benign to malignant conditions.
Transient synovitis of the hip is a benign condition and is one of the main causes of acute hip pain and/or limp in this population; it occurs in patients between 3 and 8 years of age and is more frequent in male patients. The typical clinical presentation is characterized by acute onset of hip pain, limp, or both. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and other conditions that have a similar clinical presentation, but that may be life-threatening to the patient’s life or viability of their extremity should be ruled out. The differential diagnosis includes septic arthritis of the hip, osteomyelitis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, traumatic conditions, and malignancy. When in doubt, the clinician may order different diagnostic studies. The imaging study of choice is ultrasound, which has high sensitivity to detect joint effusion. In patients with severe acute pain and inflammatory signs, infectious processes such as septic arthritis should be suspected and laboratory studies with inflammatory markers should be obtained.
As part of the treatment, rest and analgesia are recommended; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are usually enough. Transient synovitis is a self-limited disease, with spontaneous resolution in five to seven days and without permanent joint damage.
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References
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