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Abstract
Leishmaniasis, also known as "papalomoyo", is a chronic parasitic infectious disease caused by a flagellated protozoan of the genus Leishmania, which has more than 20 species. Its presentation and clinical manifestations are variable and depend on the species and the immunological status of the host. The most affected populations are children and young adults under 20 years of age. According to its clinical manifestations, it can be divided into the following presentations: cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous, the first of these being the one with the best prognosis. Among the risk factors for this disease are poverty, malnutrition, migration, inadequate housing conditions, and people who perform rural work, like farmers, agriculturists, or military. The diagnosis can be presumptive or definitive, the clinical characteristics of the disease are key for the presumptive diagnosis and the direct smear is the most used laboratory method, its main objective is to achieve the visualization of amastigotes in the clinical sample. Leishmaniasis is known as "the great imitator" since its clinical manifestations are compatible with multiple pathologies, so differential diagnoses must be made with various diseases. The management of this pathology will vary depending on the type of species and the resistances present.
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References
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