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Abstract
Anorectal malformations (MRA) are a set of congenital anomalies in which there is an alteration of the anorectal and urogenital region visible in boys and girls at birth. It is speculated that this pathology is the product of abnormal development of the cloacal membrane (CM) leading to disruption of the normal development of local muscles and nerves. Male infants are more likely to have MRA, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1.
There are multiple types of MRA, including perineal fistula, vestibular fistula, rectouretral fistula, imperforate anus, and other complex malformations.
There is evidence that those mothers with diabetes, obesity, high exposure to nicotine and caffeine are more likely to conceive a son or daughter with some type of anorectal malformation.
After performing a physical examination of the infant during the first 24 hours of life, it is possible to easily recognize the presence of MRA and begin an appropriate approach in order to prevent significant complications or death.
As treatment, surgical techniques such as anoplasty, posterior sagittal anorrectoplasty (PSARP), colostomy and laparoscopy are used, which can present postoperative complications in the patient.
Despite surgical correction, some patients may require second interventions, or suffer from disorders such as constipation and fecal incontinence that can affect their quality of life.
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References
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